五年高考（2011-2024）英语试题分项精解：专题18 完形填空之说明文类（原卷版）
精品5年高考分类精编专题18 完形填空之说明文类
2024说明文
1.【2024·重庆】B
Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28
, your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are
29
jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditionally fought this
30
with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31.
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start
32
your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay
33
. Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight,
34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new
35of sleep and wakefulness.
28. A. flight
B. change
C. demand
D. climate
29. A. suffering from B. working on
C. looking into
D. leading to
30. A. danger
B. problem
C. waste
D. fear
31. A. briefly
B. slowly
C. suddenly
D. effectively
32. A. checking
B. sending
C. adjusting
D. stopping
33. A. awake
B. alone
C. hungry
D. calm
34. A. though
B. so
C. whole
D. or
35. A. understanding B. cycle
C. research
D. trend
2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists.
51
, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more
52
in people’s lives. The
53
is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be
54
. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that
55
attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the
56
of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to
57
what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their
58
judgments often held true. Students seemed to
59
at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The
60
Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling
61
to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as
62
as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for
63
. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we
64
attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to
65
words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
51. A. Instead
B. Therefore
C. Moreover
D. Otherwise
52. A. romantic
B. stressful
C. central
D. artificial
53. A. priority
B. proof
C. possibility
D. principle
54. A. tested
B. impressed
C. changed
D. created
55. A. appearances
B. virtues
C. similarities
D. passions
56. A. illustrations
B. implications C. ingredients
D. intentions
57. A. predict
B. investigate
C. diagnose
D. recall
58. A. critical
B. initial
C. random
D. mature
59. A. memorize
B. distinguish
C. negotiate
D. question
60. A. Nose
B. Eye
C. Heart
D. Hand
61. A. open
B. alert
C. resistant
D. superior
62. A. disappointed
B. amazed
C. confused
D. gifted
63. A. emotion
B. attractiveness C. individuality
D. signals
64. A. enhance
B. possess
C. maintain
D. assess
65. A. familiar
B. plain
C. positive
D. irritating
2024高考题
【2024·重庆卷】
B
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28_______ them. Here are some 29_______ on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.”
Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33_______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing 34_______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_______ to kiss in public.
. A. reject
B. recite
C. respect
D. remove
. A. plans
B. tips
C. arguments
D. choices
. A. unsafe
B. excited
C. satisfied
D. awkward
. A. relief
B. belonging
C. humor
D. direction
. A. but
B. for
C. so
D. or
. A. forbidden
B. allowed
C. expected
D. tolerated
. A. emotions
B. concern
C. interest
D. views
. A. natural
B. advisable
C. unwise
D. unnecessary
2024
【2024重庆卷】B
It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情绪). When you are
49
, you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.
One way to improve your mood is
50
. Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for
51
goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your
52
. That is why exercise has been shown to
53
your self-respect.
You do not have to train yourself
54
to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is
55
, not intensity(强度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.
本解析为名师解析团队原创，授权独家使用，如有盗用，依法追责！49. A. ill
B. poor
C. unhappy
D. unsuccessful
50. A. play
B. communication
C. sleep
D. exercise
51. A. clear
B. present
C. common
D. early
52. A. ability
B. relationship
C. confidence
D. business
53. A. tear down
B. build up
C. set aside
D. give out
54. A. hard
B. everywhere
C. carefully
D. late
55. A. time
B. length
C. form
D. frequency
【2024广东卷】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
, experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not
3
.However, if you remove two, the bird
4
leaves. This means that the bird knows the
5
between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's
6
number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow（乌鸦）that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not
7
until the man left the tower. The man had an
8
.He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not
9
the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was
10
with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were
11
.It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were
12
able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a
13
group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are
14
fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human
15
is not much better than a crow's.
1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend
2. A. Importantly
B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately
3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice
4. A. generally
B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately
5． A. distance
B. range C. different D. interval
6． A. amazing
B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing
7. A. relax B. recover
C. react D. return
8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation
9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill
10. A. reported B. repeated C. designed D. approved
11. A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk
12. A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally
13. A. single B. small C. local D. new
14. A. seldom B. temporarily C. merely D. often
15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief
2024年
（2024·课标全国卷）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks
__36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more
__37__
than we realize. In fact, nonverbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really
__38__. And body language is particularly
__39__
when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so
__40__
a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.
__41__， different societies treat the
__42__
between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having
__43__
contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with
__44__. People from Latin American countries,
__45__， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in
__46__， it may look like a Latino is
__47__
a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving
__48__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep
__49__
—which the Latino will in return regard as
__50__.
