2024届湖北专版高考英语一轮复习讲义：Unit2《Cloning》（新人教版）选修8（课前基础导练+课堂互动探究+课后知能提升）

　　Unit 2　Cloning

　　晨背三部曲（话题：计划与愿望）

　　经典词汇

　　1.attitude n.

　　态度2．ambition n.

　　雄心3．achievement n.

　　成就；功绩4．opportunity n.

　　机会；机遇5．challenge n.

　　挑战6．goal n.

　　目标7．schedule/timetable n.

　　时间表8．decide/determine v.

　　决定；下决心9．intend v.

　　想要；打算；计划10．arrange v.

　　安排11．seek v.

　　追求；寻求12．overcome v.

　　战胜；克服13．complete v.

　　完成14．postpone v.

　　推迟15．possible adj.

　　可能的 16.as far as I know　据我所知17．set a goal for oneself

　　为自己确定

　　目标18．make the best/most of

　　充分利用19．a waste of time

　　浪费时间20．get ready for

　　为……做好准备21．feel like doing sth.

　　想要做某事22．in the near future

　　在不久的将来23．all the best

　　一切顺利24．make/keep/stick to/carry out a plan

　　制定/遵守/坚持/执行计划

　　连词成句

　　1．such, arrangement, the day's activity (用倒装句式)

　　Such is the arrange­ment for the day's activity.

　　2．what, make, unique, it, being held, developing country, for the first time (用主语从句和表语从句)

　　What_makes_it_unique_is_that_it_is_being_held

　　_in_a_developing_coun­try_for_the_first_time.

　　3．speak of, volunteer, work, I, mainly, help out, here (用现在分词短语作状语)

　　Speaking_of_volunteer_work,_I'm_mainly_helping_out_here.

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．straightforward adj.　简单的；直接的；坦率的

　　2．breakthrough n.

　　突破

　　3．altogether adv.

　　总共；完全地

　　4．obtain vt.

　　获得；赢得

　　5．attain vt.

　　获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)

　　6．accumulate vt.& vi.

　　积累；聚积

　　7．owe vt.

　　欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……

　　8．bother vt.

　　打扰vi.

　　操心n.

　　烦扰

　　9．vain adj.

　　虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的

　　10．resist vt.

　　抵抗；对抗

　　11．drawback n.

　　缺点；不利条件

　　12．adore vt.

　　崇拜；爱慕；喜爱

　　13．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的；与众不同的→difference n．差异；不同

　　14．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担→undertook (过去式)→undertaken (过去分词)

　　15．cast vt.扔；投；掷→cast/cast (过去式/过去分词)

　　16．object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议

　　17．forbid vt.禁止；不准→forbade/forbad (过去式)→forbidden (过去分词)

　　18．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休

　　19．strike vi.& vt.& n．打；撞击；罢工→struck/struck (过去式/过去分词)

　　语境记忆

　　20．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)

　　21．From the appearance, we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.(differ)

　　篇章记忆

　　Shortly afterwards, the media published a conservative argument objecting to cloning owing to moral problems, and suggested the constitution include compulsory regulations to forbid obtaining commercial profits from cloning.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译

　　1.得到好结果；取得成功；偿清　pay_off

　　2．反对

　　object_to

　　3．状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)

　　in_good/poor_condition

　　4．一定或注定(做)……

　　(be)_bound_to_(do)_．..

　　5．不时；偶尔

　　from_time_to_time

　　6．使复生；使复活

　　bring_back_to_life

　　7．cast down

　　沮丧；不愉快

　　8．strike ...into one's heart

　　使……刻骨铭心

　　9．in vain

　　白费力气；枉费心机

　　10．in favour of

　　赞成；支持

　　11．owe ...to ...

　　把……归功于……

　　12．have

　　a great impact on

　　对……有很大影响

　　Ⅲ.句型一览

　　1.The fact＋that同位语从句

　　The fact that_she_seemed_to_develop_normally (看来它是在正常地成长着)was very encouraging.

　　2．the news＋that 同位语从句

　　Then came_the_disturbing_news_that (传来令人沮丧的消息) Dolly had become seriously ill.

　　3．whether ...or ...引导的名词性从句

　　However, scientists still wonder whether_cloning_will_help_or_harm_us (克隆技术会帮助我们还是伤害我们) and where it is leading us.

　　4．疑问词＋插入语＋陈述语序

　　What_do_you_think_is (你认为是什么) the writer's point of view in this reading passage?

　　5．with的复合结构

　　Diversity in a group means having animals with_their_genes_arranged_in_different_ways (拥有排列方式不同的基因)．

　　6．that引导的表语从句

　　The_advantage_is_that (其优势是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——同位语(从句)

　　完成句子

　　1．The news that_house_prices_will_fall has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)

　　房价将要下跌的消息已经导致许多人以较低价将房子卖掉了。

　　2．The old­fashioned belief that_women_should_stay at home and do household chores while men pursue their careers should be changed now.(stay)

　　女人应该待在家里做家务而男人在外追求事业这一老观念现在应该改变。

　　3．The thought that_they_can_cross_the_whole_continent was very exciting.(cross)

　　他们横穿整个大陆的想法很令人兴奋。

　　4．More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure, and 70% of them are unaware of the fact that_they_have_the_illness/disease.(have)

　　中国有2亿多人患高血压，他们中70%不知道他们有这种病。

　　5．There is much discussion about the question how_the_rising_food_prices_are_affecting ordinary people.(affect)

　　关于正在上涨的食品价格正在如何影响老百姓的问题有许多的讨论。

　　1.undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt.着手；从事；承担；保证

　　①Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.(2024·福建阅读E)

　　多数学校承担着团体或个体教育扶持的项目。

　　undertake a task/responsibility

　　承担任务/责任

　　undertake to do sth.

　　同意、答应或着手做某事

　　undertake for ...

　　为……负责

　　undertake that ...

　　保证……

　　②Take it easy.I'll undertake for your security.

　　别着急，我将保证你的安全。

　　③I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.

　　我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。

　　【对点练习】

　　用undertake的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。

　　We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.

　　②他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。

　　He undertook_to_finish the job by Friday.

　　2.object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标

　　(1)object to sb./sth.反对；不赞成某人/某事

　　object to doing sth.

　　反对做某事

　　object that ...

　　反对……

　　(2)objection n.

　　反对；厌恶

　　raise an objection to (doing) sth.

　　对(做)……提出异议

　　have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth.

　　对(做)……表示反对/同意

　　Many people object to experimentation on animals.

　　许多人反对用动物做实验。

　　②We are determined to carry out the plan if you have no objection.

　　如果你不反对，我们决心实施这项计划。

　　【对点练习】

　　一句多译

　　他反对被人当孩子一样对待。

　　①He_objects_to_being_treated like a child.

　　②He has/makes_an_objection_to_being_treated like a child.

　　3.forbid (forbade/forbad, forbidden) vt. 禁止；不准

　　①Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.(2024·天津阅读A)

　　请注意食物和水果在图书馆中是被禁止的，但是随身携带饮料和糖果是被允许的。

　　(1)forbid sb.to do sth.　禁止某人做某事

　　forbid doing sth.

　　禁止做某事

　　forbid that ...

　　禁止……(从句中常用

　　should＋动词原形)

　　(2)forbid sb.sth.

　　禁止某人某事

　　forbid sb.from doing

　　禁止某人做……

　　(3)It's forbidden to do sth.

　　做某事是禁止的

　　②The law forbids smoking in public buildings.

　　法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。

　　③He forbade his children sweets because he didn't want their teeth to be ruined.

　　他不许孩子们吃糖，因为他不想让他们的牙齿受损。

　　【联想发散】根据提示写出和forbid一样能用于下列结构的单词。

　　①allow允许

　　②advise建议

　　③admit承认

　　④permit许可

　　⑤encourage鼓励

　　【对点练习】

　　句型转换

　　①The heavy rain forbade us to go out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.(改为独立主格结构)

　　→The heavy rain forbidding us to go out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.

　　②We were forbidden from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.(改为分词作状语)

　　→Forbidden from going out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.

　　4.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢

　　(1) owe sb.a favo(u)r欠某人一个人情

　　owe sb.an apology

　　该向某人道歉

　　owe sb.sth.＝ owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物

　　(2)owe ... to ...

　　把……归功于……

　　owe it to sb. that ...

　　多亏某人……

　　(3)owing to ...

　　因为；由于

　　①Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour.

　　谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。

　　②I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive.

　　我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。

　　③Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.

　　比赛因下雨取消了。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①I owe_you_an_apology for having been so rude to you last night.(owe)

　　昨晚我太粗暴了，应该向你道歉。

　　②The well­known scientist always says that he owes_all_his_success_to the support of his family.(owe)

　　这位著名的科学家常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。

　　5.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人

　　(1)bother sb. with/about sth.　为某事打扰或麻烦某人

　　bother about/with sth.

　　为某事烦恼

　　bother to do sth.

　　特意/操心做某事

　　It bothers sb.that/to do sth.

　　使某人苦恼的是

　　(2)put sb.to bother

　　给某人添乱/让某人心烦

　　①In this kind of high­pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings.(2024·江苏任务型阅读改编)

　　在这种重压下，很多领导人频繁开会，从而让员工感到厌烦。

　　②He has no time to bother with trifles.

　　他没有时间去烦扰这些琐事。

　　【关键一点】　bother作“麻烦”“困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物”“讨厌的人”讲时，是单数可数名词。

　　【语境串记】　He is really a bother, for he is always putting others to bother.

　　他确实是个极为讨厌的人，总是给别人添堵。

　　【对点练习】

　　一句多译

　　一直没有对他讲真话，这让我很苦恼。

　　①It_bothers_me_not_to have told him the truth.

　　②It_bothers_me_that I haven't told him the truth.

　　③Not having told him the truth puts_me_to_bother.

　　6.pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

　　①Our determination and patience paid off with a breakthrough — we got full marks in the exam.

　　我们的决心和耐心有了突破性的结果，在考试中我们得了满分。

　　pay sb.for sth.付钱给某人作为……的费用

　　pay for sth.

　　为……付费/吃苦头/受惩罚

　　pay back

　　还钱；报复

　　pay a price for ...

　　为……付出代价

　　②You can pay back the loan over a period of three years.

　　你可以在三年内还清贷款。

　　③Loss of health is too high a price to pay for success.

　　为了成功而搞垮身体，代价太高了。

　　【对点练习】

　　介、副词填空

　　①Can you lend me ￡10 and I'll pay you back on Friday?

　　②You'll have to pay for your carelessness.

　　③The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off.

　　【真题印证】

　　④(2024·安徽高考)The athlete's years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.

　　A．went on　B．got through

　　C．paid off

　　D．ended up