gre argument 提纲
gre argument 提纲
1.The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Natures Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.
Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsvilles schoolchildren are required to participate in a fitness for life program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age.
A、跑鞋和运动服装卖得好并不一定说明P地区的居民关注健康生活，可能因为这样的商店比较少，因此即使是绝对数字不大的居民购买也会形成卖得好的情况。同样，健康俱乐部体重练习和厌氧练习班满员也不能说明，因为同样可能因为这样的俱乐部很少。
B、即使跑鞋、运动服装卖得好，健康俱乐部满员，是因为P地区的居民关注健康生活，也不一定适合在P地区开设Natures Way的商店。因为正如作者所说的，他是根据以往在其他地区的经验得出的，而其他地方成功的做法在P地区并不一定同样取得成功。因为P地区的居民的喜好可能有所不同。
C、另外，学生被要求参加fitness for life项目，并不一定他们就开始关注健康生活了;即使他们开始关注，也不一定会喜欢Natures Way的健康食品以及相关产品。每个人都有自己独特的喜好。
2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.
Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the communitys yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting.
A、B地区提出了这样的要求，但是B地区的居民是否真正严格执行了这个要求，作者并没有提及。如果该地区居民并没有严格按照该规则执行，则作者之后的推测就完全站不住脚了。
B、即使B地区的居民严格执行了该规则，也不一定是促成B地区平均价值增长3倍原因。因为造成平均价值增长的原因还有很多，比如通货膨胀，购买需求增长等。
C、即使B地区平均价值增长3倍是由于该规则，那也是7年前到现在的情况，并不能够保证今后还能继续增长下去。人们对房屋的评判标准是会随着时间改变的，可能今后人们更加关注于房屋的结构、房屋的地理位置以及周围环境等。
D、即使还能够继续增长下去，那也是B地区，D地区即使采用了相同的措施也不一定能够获得同样的成功，因为两个地区毕竟有很多的不同，例如D地区的居民可能不太喜欢这样的要求，该地区的居民可能更加关注于房屋的物理结构以及价格等。
3.The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.
In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work.
A、去大公司的人数下降并不一定说明毕业生不想去大公司，可能是由于应届毕业生的总人数下降了。
B、调查的范围太小了，仅仅调查了在顶尖法律学校的一年级学生，这样的样本并不能够代表整个法律学校的学生，另外，样本选择的随机性是否得到保证作者也没有给出相应的证明。
C、作者错误地假设了只要大公司向毕业生提供更多的薪水，一个更短的工作时间，就能够让学生感受到更好的工作满足感，工作满足感还和其他很多因素有关，例如办公地点的环境，办公地点里员工家庭住址的距离等。
4.The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.
Of the two leading real estate firms in our town-Adams Realty and Fitch Realty-Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.
A、F公司有25名员工，很多员工是兼职，而A公司有40名员工，这并不能说明A公司要比F公司好。F公司的25名员工，虽然其中很多是兼职，但是他们可能工作的经历更长，经验更丰富，工作效率更高。
B、两家公司的平均房屋销售价并不一定存在可比性，因为两家公司可能卖的房屋的类型不一样，可能A公司卖中、大型商品房，而F公司卖小型商品房，这样A公司的平均价格自然要比F公司高。
C、A公司卖房子比F公司快，并不一定说明A公司的销售能力就要比F公司好，因为两间房子并不是一样的，可能一间房子好一些，而另一间相对要差一些，地理位置因素，房屋结构，新旧等。
D、即使说明A公司的销售能力比F公司好，那也是十年前的F公司和去年的A公司，都不能够代表现在的两家公司。因为随着时间变化，两家公司都可能会产生很大的变化。即使现在A公司仍然要比F公司的销售能力好，那也只能说明销售作者的那两套房子上的能力不同，并不一定能够代表两家公司其他方面的销售能力。
5.The following appeared in the business section of a newspaper.
Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should be very profitable. Many analysts believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent on Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Thus, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis.
A、作者的所有推理都是建立在一开始的假设上的，如果该假设不成立，则作者其他所有推理都将不成立，而在未来风湿病患者增长40 million到60 million作者并没有给出可以让人信服的证据，因此该假设很可能不成立。
B、即使该假设成立，B公司也不一定能够抓到高利润。根据经济学常识，利润等于销售额减去成本。如果B公司开发以及生产X药的成本很高，那么即使销售不错，也可能不盈利，甚至亏本。
C、对于P公司的X药，临床研究的样本数太少，只有10个病人，而且这10个病人都是严重的风湿病，以此该样本并不能够代表所有的风湿病患者。
D、即使能够代表所有的风湿病患者，也存在着利润问题，高成本的话就不一定能够产生利润了。
6.The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.
A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money.
A、首先，该全国范围的调查样本选取是否足够随机，如果不随机，则调查结果就不能够得出人均花费$1,000在爵士音乐娱乐上的结论。
B、即使该调查足够随机，那也是全国范围的调查结论，对于M地区并不一定成立。M地区的居民花费在爵士音乐娱乐上的钱不足$1,000。正如作者所说，M地区的居民喜欢Jazz Nightly的广播节目，因此该地区的居民可能更喜欢收听免费的广播，而不是去俱乐部等地方进行消费。
C、即使M地区的居民也年均花费$1,000在爵士娱乐上，也不一定会去M地区的C Note爵士音乐俱乐部。目前的俱乐部虽然远，但并不代表人们不去。可能该俱乐部环境比较好，爵士音乐纯正，人们喜欢去那里。
D、即使人们去C Note，也不一定能够保证C Note能赚钱。利润等于收入减去成本，而作者忽视了成本中一个很重要且很大的成本品牌成本。C Note创立之初，一定会需要大笔的资金进行品牌宣传。
E、另外，有名的爵士艺人住在M地区，并不代表他们会在M地区进行表演。100,000参加M地区的爵士欢庆，并不能够说明爵士乐在M地区很受欢迎，人们去那里可能是其他原因，例如追星。即使说明人们喜欢爵士乐，那也是去年夏天了，并不表示今后也是如此。
7.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.
In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved.
A、作者并没有给出呼吸疾病患者的基数。如果基数比较小，那么即使增加少量的人，也会导致增长的比值很大。也是呼吸疾病患者确实大量增加了，也不一定说明是空气污染造成的。常识告诉我们，气候变化也可能造成呼吸疾病。
B、即使是由于空气污染造成的，也并不一定是由于C地区的工厂增加导致的。空气污染恶化可能和C地区的气候变化有关，例如季风的变化，季风变化后可能就带不走C地区工厂排放的废气，造成C地区的废气积累。另外，C地区的工厂数增加也存在着基数问题。
C、即使是因为C地区的工厂数增加了，导致了C地区的空气污染恶化，也并非是由于FB不采取环境保护的缘故。工厂数增加可能是由于C地区经济快速发展。国家的宏观调控对C地区也有影响。
D、即使是由于FB不采取环境保护，作者也错误地假设了只要AG上台，就能够解决C地区的环境问题。环境问题牵扯到很多因素，AG虽然是GEC的成员，也并不代表AG就有能力解决这诸多因素。另外，如果是国家宏观调控的话，AG显然还是没有办法解决。
8.The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc.
Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.
A、首先，作者简单地认为利润高是并购的充分条件。两家公司要能够实现成功并购，需要考虑两家公司的企业文化是否能够很好地融合，如果不能够的话，一加一可能会小于二，甚至小于一。还有收购的费用是否合理等。
B、MF去年的利润增长了，并不代表MF今年以及今后仍然能够保持增长。人们的口味会随着时间有所改变，今后人们可能就不喜欢DS食品的味道了，或者人们开始更看重食品的健康程度而非口味，而DS的食品健康性可能不尽如人意。
C、正如作者所说，O公司对14至25岁人群比较感兴趣，但作者并未说明MF的DS适合该人群。即使DS适合该人群，也正如作者在文中所提到的，DS只是在一个小地区获得了成功，并不代表可以在全国获得成功。
9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.
Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors.
A、O大学的教授开始给学生更高的分数，并不一定是因为学生评价教授的机制的存在。可能是O大学的学生平均来说都要比以前学习刻苦了，或者说学习的课目较之15年前要简单了。
B、即使学生获得了更高的分数，是因为O大学的教授怕学生通过该机制对他进行不利的评价，从而使得潜在的雇佣者质疑这样的分数，也不一定能够解释O大学的毕业生找工作没有A大学毕业生成功的现象。找工作困难和其他很多因素都有关，例如专业对不对口，学生本身的寻求条件高低等。
C、即使是因为这个原因导致了O大学的毕业生找工作更困难，O大学也不应该断然停止一项维持了15年的机制。事物都有两面性，作者忽视了该机制所带来的正面效应，例如让教授对自己教授的课程更加负责了等等。
10.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.
The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers.
A、牛奶价格从$1.50找到超过$3.00每加仑，并不能够说明奶农在其中赚取了更多的利润。可能因为生产牛奶的成本增加了，也可能是因为通货膨胀导致价格上涨。
B、牧场数量增加了25%，但并不意味着牛奶产量也增加了，很可能牧场数量增加了而牛奶产量却下降了。
C、作者没有给出充分的理由来说明用政府干预经济的方法是必须的。经济常识告诉我们，市场具有自我调节能力，政府可能可以通过市场的手段来解决牛奶供应的问题。
